The Mayo Clinic School of Medicine (MCSOM), formerly known as Mayo Medical School (MMS), is a research-oriented medical school based in Rochester, Minnesota, with additional campuses in Arizona and Florida. MCSOM is a school within the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science (MCCMS), the education division of the Mayo Clinic. It grants the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree, accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC) and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME).
As of 2018, U.S. News & World Report ranks MCSOM #6 on their "Best Medical Schools: Research" list (tied with Penn). MCSOM is the most selective medical school in the United States, with the lowest acceptance rate (2.1%) among schools submitting data for the 2017-2018 application cycle. In 2017, medical students had the highest USMLE Step 1 board scores in the nation with a median of 245 (tied with Harvard). Consequently, graduates of MCSOM have high residency placement rates with nearly 70% landing a spot in their first-choice program during the 2016 Match. Graduates also have the lowest educational debt of all medical schools surveyed by USA Today in 2017. MCSOM students receive their hospital training at the Mayo Clinic Rochester, ranked #1 on the 2017-18 U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll, as well as at the Mayo Clinic Phoenix (#1 in Arizona; #20 on Best Hospitals Honor Roll) and the Mayo Clinic Jacksonville (#1 in Florida).
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History
The first medical educational programs at the Mayo Clinic were developed in 1915 with the assistance of the University of Minnesota. The two institutions held close relationships in the early 20th century. William James Mayo was a Regent of the University of Minnesota and his brother Charles Horace Mayo was a professor of surgery at the University of Minnesota Medical School. In its early years the Mayo Clinic was operated as a private practice and could not affiliate with the University. Therefore, the Mayo brothers donated $1.5 million in 1915 to create the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) as a department of the University. During the same time period, the Mayo brothers created the Mayo Properties Association which converted the Mayo Clinic into a non-profit association practice. Mayo Properties Association later became the Mayo Foundation. This led to the University and Mayo Clinic to enter into an affiliation and teaching agreement for graduate medical education programs.
The Mayo Foundation appointed cardiologist Dr. Raymond Pruitt as the first dean of the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine in 1970, publicly announcing its creation the following year. It officially opened on September 5, 1972, with an inaugural class of 40 students, becoming the 110th medical school in the United States and the 2nd in Minnesota.
At its inception, MCSOM was accredited as a medical school by the LCME in 1972 but the Mayo Foundation did not have regional institutional accreditation for granting degrees. Therefore, the Mayo Foundation continued to operate MCSOM with the University of Minnesota in accordance with an affiliation established in 1915. MCSOM granted its first M.D. degrees in 1976 under the University of Minnesota's accreditation authority. The Mayo Foundation terminated their affiliation with the University of Minnesota in 1983, becoming an independent degree-granting institution accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools the following year.
A reorganization of the Mayo Foundation in 1989 spun out a new graduate degree-granting school called the Mayo Graduate School, now named the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (MCGSBS). This facilitated the start of the M.D.-Ph.D. program, which became the Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) in 2003 when it was first awarded a T32 grant by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
The Mayo Clinic historically provided a merit scholarship--the amount of which was based on state of residency--to every matriculating student not receiving extramural full-tuition support. Though MCSOM has since moved to awarding grant aid based primarily on student need, it recently ranked as one of the most affordable private medical schools in the country.
Maps Mayo Clinic School of Medicine
Culture and traditions
The Mayo Clinic School of Medicine has a distinct culture from that of most other medical schools. Mayo medical students wear business attire (often referred to as "Mayo wear") instead of white coats in the clinic to convey professionalism and respect for patients. Accordingly, there is no white coat ceremony--first-year students instead participate in a Commitment to Human Values ceremony in which they make their Physician's Pledge to Patients, Colleagues, and Society (adapted from the Hippocratic Oath).
Students at MCSOM come to embrace other Mayo Clinic traditions as part of their training. Mayo Clinic is a physician-led practice where teams of specialist physicians consult on the care of patients; therefore, students will refer to a faculty physician as a "consultant" on the wards (as opposed to the term "attending" used elsewhere). Additionally, because the Mayo brothers were left-handed surgeons, Mayo medical students learn to glove their left hand first when scrubbing in to procedures. First-year students also learn formal dining etiquette for meals at the Mayo Foundation House in preparation for benefactor events, visiting dignitaries, and society dinners (e.g. Mayo Clinic Oncology Society, Sigma Xi).
Mentorship
Mentorship is a key feature of the MCSOM student experience. First-year students are inducted into the Mayo Clinic Alumni Association (MCAA) and given their first stethoscopes by alumni. Medical students are encouraged to explore and develop their specialty interests early on through the Career Advisory and Mentorship Program--which pairs students with faculty physicians--as well as through their Mentorship Family. Because the Mayo Clinic has the largest residency and fellowship program in the United States, the MCAA Alumni Connect program provides medical students access to an extensive network of prominent physicians at a variety of institutions.
The Zumbro Valley Medical Society (ZVMS), a component medical society of the Minnesota Medical Association (MMA), sponsors and organizes many career development activities for Rochester-based MCSOM medical students.
Student life
MCSOM students are eligible for membership in the Mayo Fellows Association, which puts together social events for medical and graduate students, residents, and fellows. Other social outlets available to students include the Mayo Employee Resource Groups (MERGs). These MERGs sponsor programs and activities for Mayo Clinic affiliates identifying with diverse communities, such as LGBTI, women leadership, and Native American heritage. The Alice Mayo Society and Mayo Families' Connection offer moving, career, and social support for significant others of MCSOM students.
Arts and other creative pursuits are part of many students' experiences at MCSOM. The Mayo Clinic Dolores Jean Lavins Center for Humanities in Medicine sponsors year-round programs in art making, creative writing, improvisational theater, and musical performance. The center publishes The Tempest creative arts publication annually--a collection of poetry, prose, and visual art meant to illustrate the growth of medical students into physicians. It also organizes field trips to local cultural institutions, including the Guthrie Theater, Minnesota Orchestra, Minneapolis Institute of Art, and Rochester Art Center. Every March, in celebration of Match Day, MCSOM puts on a performing arts show and potluck dinner featuring the diverse talents of medical students (Mixed Bag).
Campuses
The Mayo Clinic School of Medicine is integrated with the Mayo Clinic campuses in Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida.
Rochester, Minnesota
MCSOM has its administrative center and primary location at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. It is the largest medical school campus in the United States, with 11.5 million square feet of medical and research space in a single location. Educational activities are based at the Mitchell Student Center and Guggenheim Building, particularly in the Kendall-Hench lecture hall. Students also attend classes and conduct laboratory exercises in the Stabile Building, which contains a state-of-the-art anatomy laboratory and a Multidisciplinary Simulation Center. The Plummer Building is home to the Mayo Clinic Libraries system--one of the largest medical libraries in the world--which offers students access to around 400,000 bound volumes and 4,800 medical and scientific journal subscriptions. The Gonda Building houses several seminar rooms and the Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation, a facility where students can develop ideas to improve health care alongside staff and entrepreneurs. The adjacent Mayo Building has a number of conference rooms used for small group exercises. Together, the Gonda and Mayo buildings comprise the core outpatient clinical practice facilities in downtown Rochester. The Mayo Clinic Hospital -- Rochester provides extensive inpatient learning experiences for medical students with 2,207 beds and 115 operating rooms across the Methodist Campus, Saint Marys Campus, and Mayo Eugenio Litta Children's Hospital.
Each year, the Rochester campus matriculates 46 M.D. students, 7 M.D.-Ph.D. students, and 2 M.D.-O.M.S. students, for a total incoming class size of 55. These students have the opportunity to complete their selective experiences, third- and fourth-year rotations, clinical electives, and research projects (including Ph.D. dissertations) at the campuses in Arizona and Florida.
The City of Rochester is currently undergoing a 20-year, $5.6 billion infrastructure improvement project called the Destination Medical Center (DMC). This public-private partnership, which started in 2013, matches public investment from a legislative bill for transportation infrastructure to private investments from the Mayo Clinic on its Rochester facilities. The overarching goal is to turn the campus into a global destination for health and wellness. Regional plans from the Rochester-Olmsted Council of Governments aim to attract outside companies and investments in the biotechnology industry and to double the population of the city by the year 2040.
Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona
MCSOM expanded its four-year medical school class to the Mayo Clinic Arizona campus in 2017. Arizona-based medical students have their preclinical classes in Scottsdale, then complete most of their clerkships at the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix during years 3 and 4. They may also rotate in pediatrics and related subspecialties through a partnership at Phoenix Children's Hospital. The Maricopa Integrated Health System offers medical students expanded rotation opportunities in psychiatry.
Each year, the Arizona campus matriculates 50 M.D. students.
Jacksonville, Florida
In addition to selectives and clerkships, up to 8 MCSOM students based in either Minnesota or Arizona have the option to complete years 3 and 4 at the Mayo Clinic Florida campus (Florida FOCUS 2+2 track).
Curriculum
The Mayo Clinic School of Medicine is a leader and innovator in medical school curriculum development as a founding member of the American Medical Association Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium. The curricular structure as of 2018 is outlined below.
Years 1 and 2
MCSOM students start their school year in mid-July, with first year students beginning with a one-week orientation to the school, Mayo Clinic, and the Mayo Clinic Model of Care. All classes are offered on a Pass (P), Pass after Remediation (PR), or Fail (F) grading system; there is no internal ranking of students and no participation in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. This produces a cooperative environment that fosters learning and collaboration. Major courses in the first two curricular years include both lecture and problem-based modalities. Major segments of many other curricular courses use the problem-based model. Small-group format is the rule, with clinical facilitators (residents, fellows, and faculty consultants) helping to direct students' independent learning.
Preclinical blocks
The preclinical curriculum is divided into one- to seven-week blocks, with students taking one or two courses at a time. These blocks cover basic sciences (yellow boxes) and organ systems (red boxes):
The MCSOM Anatomy course (Block 4) in the fall of 2015 was featured in the documentary film The First Patient, written and directed by Chip Duncan.
Selectives
A unique feature of the MCSOM curriculum are the selectives, which have been shown to increase medical student academic productivity and the desire to conduct future research. There are twenty-eight undesignated weeks between blocks spread out during the first two years. Twelve of these weeks can be used as vacation or for dedicated USMLE Step 1 study time. The other sixteen must spent doing something medically-related for at least 20 hours per week--these are termed selectives. Selectives allow students to shadow physicians, learn surgical skills, volunteer in free clinics, remediate blocks, or do research for example. Each student is eligible for up to $1,500 in travel funding per year in order to visit other Mayo Clinic campuses, present research, or serve indigent patients.
Activities are not restricted to Mayo Clinic in Rochester, and may be embarked upon at Mayo Clinic in Florida, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Mayo Clinic Health System, or other national and international medical centers. Selectives may be chosen from a list of available experiences organized through Mayo Clinic or they may be self-designed, enabling students to take full personal responsibility for their experience. At the conclusion of each selective, feedback is expected from both the student and the mentor involved.
Popular selective options include the Bounce Day course in emergency preparedness, Regenerative Medicine and Surgery, and Mission:BRAIN global health trips with Professor of Neurologic Surgery Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa.
Clinical experiences
Students partake in longitudinal clinical coursework in Year 1 (Basic Doctoring) and Year 2 (Advanced Doctoring), with patient encounters starting within the first few weeks of medical school. These courses take place in Mayo Clinic outpatient and hospital facilities, in addition to Mayo Clinic Multidisciplinary Simulation Centers. Students work with renowned expert Mayo Clinic clinicians and researchers on history-taking, physical exam, and diagnostic skills.
During each block, students have didactic sessions for four hours during the mornings or afternoons, and the other four hours is spent on these clinical experiences. Medical students accompany residents, fellows, and consultants in that particular specialty to visit with patients in the inpatient hospital or outpatient clinic setting that have illnesses relevant to what students are currently studying in their coursework. History, physical exam, laboratory, radiological, and pathological experiences with each patient enable MCSOM students to integrate their coursework into clinical practice and vice versa. In addition, students are exposed to pediatrics, geriatrics (Senior Sages), developmental psychology (Disruptions in Development), health coaching (Science of Health Care Delivery III), surgery (one-week immersion required in Year 2), and autopsy (postmortem examination required in Year 2).
Students fulfill a community service requirement by seeing uninsured and underinsured patients at the Rochester Education and Advocacy for Community Health (REACH) free clinic throughout Year 2. Interested students can volunteer to staff other local free clinics--the Smoking Cessation Clinic, the Center Clinic in Dodge Center, and the Mayo Family Medicine Resident Clinic in Kasson--for selective credit or just to gain more experience.
Year 3
The Year 3 curriculum contains seven core clinical clerkships, a three-week intersession of basic science integration and a longitudinal research experience. Required clerkships and their respective lengths include Family Medicine (3 weeks), Internal Medicine (6 weeks), Neurology (3 weeks), Obstetrics and Gynecology (6 weeks), Pediatrics (6 weeks), Psychiatry (4 weeks), and Surgery (6 weeks). Students are graded on an Honors (H), High Pass (HP), Pass (P), Pass after Remediation (PR), or Fail (F) basis.
There are 12 weeks of research dedicated to promoting scholarship and completing the scholarly research requirement.
During this year, there is also an intersession in the winter, which is a three-week didactics course applying basic science knowledge from the preclinical education to patient care. Topics include but are not limited to: public health, radiology, palliative medicine, musculoskeletal, and medical ethics and economics. Focused practice with sensitive physical examination maneuvers and public speaking skills is also provided, in addition to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in preparation for the USMLE Step 2 CS examination. Students also complete longitudinal coursework in Evidence-Based Medicine during this year, through a series of assignments that require critical appraisal of literature corresponding to the core clerkships that each student completes.
Year 4
In preparation for Year 4, students and their advisers begin planning the fourth-year schedule during the Year 3 intersession. Together, they will develop a Year 4 program that reflects students' career goals, individual strengths and educational needs -- all informed by the themes of the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine curriculum. The curriculum is composed of the internal medicine subinternship, emergency medicine, elective rotations and a three-week intersession. Time is allotted for board exam prep, residency program interviews and vacation.
Students complete at least one of each category (medicine, pediatrics and surgery) in addition to general electives. These can be completed at Mayo Clinic campuses in Minnesota, Arizona, or Florida, as well as other national and international locations. Many students complete a global health elective with established national and international partnerships in the spring of the fourth year.
There is also an opportunity to participate in the Community Physician Apprenticeship Program (CPAP) elective, which is a 12-week community immersion experience focused on continuity care in the outpatient and hospital environment. It is a collaboration among Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, the Department of Family Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, and Mayo Clinic Health System.
Wellness and Resiliency Training
In response to rising physician burnout across the United States, the MCSOM Student Life and Wellness Committee has implemented a longitudinal wellness program for all medical students. This starts with a mandatory yoga class during orientation and includes Stress Management and Resiliency Training (SMART) taught by Professor of Medicine Dr. Amit Sood. Additionally, first- and second-year medical students are given complementary gym memberships at the Dan Abraham Healthy Living Center (DAHLC), with the option to continue using the facility at a heavily subsidized rate in Years 3 and 4.
Students are also encouraged to put together their own wellness activities, funded by MCSOM, by applying for Student Initiated Wellness Activities (SIWA) grants throughout all years of medical school.
Science of Health Care Delivery Certificate
Starting with the incoming class of 2015, the school formally integrated longitudinal coursework in the Science of Health Care Delivery (SHCD) into the four-year curriculum. This coursework entails a mixture of didactic lectures and practical experiences in six major domains of leadership, person-centered care, high value care, health economics and technology, population-centered care, and team-based care. The SHCD curriculum adds a social sciences perspective to the traditional medical school model, aiming to produce physicians aware of and capable of addressing gaps in the US health care system.
Through completion of these classes, MCSOM students will become among the first in the nation to receive a certificate in the Science of Health Care Delivery upon graduation, along with their medical degrees. Medical students have the option to earn a master's degree in the Science of Health Care Delivery through a partnership with Arizona State University, which is typically done online in Year 3 during dedicated research time.
Interschool programs
The collegiate structure of the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science allows students to get advanced training within the Mayo Clinic while in medical school.
Medical Scientist Training Program (M.D.-Ph.D.)
The Mayo Clinic School of Medicine grants the M.D.-Ph.D. dual degree in conjunction with the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, fully funded through an NIH/NIGMS Medical Scientist Training Program T32 grant. The Mayo Clinic MSTP operates on a 2-4-2 model, where students earn their Ph.D. between medical school Years 2 and 3. MSTP students are able to take or test out of several graduate school classes during medical school Years 1 and 2. They also have the flexibility to complete medical school Year 3 clinical clerkships during their graduate school years if it works with their research schedule. For students who choose to focus exclusively on research during the graduate phase, a robust re-entry curriculum is provided to students as they transition back to medical school Year 3. The Mayo Clinic MSTP fully supports students through a guaranteed internal fellowship for up to four research years, eliminating the need for students to identify a faculty member to provide financial support.
Clinical and Translational Science Program (M.D.-M.S.)
The Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCaTS) offers the M.D.-M.S. dual degree in conjunction with MCGSBS. The CCaTS program is open to medical students at MCSOM and the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. Competitive awards are available to cover program fees while also providing a stipend and support for research expenses.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency (M.D.-O.M.S.)
The Mayo Clinic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery residency (M.D.-O.M.S.) is a 6-year joint offering of MCSOM and Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education in which dentists earn their M.D. degrees during surgical training.
Extramural partnerships
As a hospital-based medical school, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine partners with several universities to offer its students expanded access to academics (e.g. dual degrees in law, business, or public health) and research beyond the traditional biomedical sciences (e.g. engineering, artificial intelligence, and social sciences).
Arizona State University (ASU)
The Mayo Clinic and Arizona State University Alliance for Health Care offers expanded academic and research opportunities for MCSOM students at ASU. This program allows medical students to earn additional degrees through ASU, including a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and a Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.).
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
The Mayo Clinic and Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare offers opportunities in microbiome research, devices & detection, and computational & genomic medicine at UIUC. Through this program, MCSOM students have access to the Blue Waters petascale supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications for research projects.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
The Mayo Clinic and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT partnership offers collaborative research opportunities for MCSOM students. The MIT/Mayo Physical Sciences in Oncology Center (PS-OC) gives students a chance to apply physics and engineering principles to drug distribution and drug efficacy problems, with a particular emphasis on brain tumors.
Yale University
The Yale University-Mayo Clinic Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI) is a joint effort between Yale University, Mayo Clinic, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to create infrastructure for regulatory science knowledge generation, conduct research to address key gaps in knowledge, and develop tools to support regulatory decision-making. The CERSI Scholars Program supports research by students and trainees, including post-graduate fellows, at Yale University and the Mayo Clinic that addresses the regulatory science research priority areas of the FDA.
Karolinska Institutet (KI)
The Mayo Clinic and Karolinska Institutet Collaboration Platform is a longstanding partnership that opens up grant-funded research opportunities to MCSOM students.
University of Oxford
Starting as early as 2019, MCSOM students will have the opportunity to be involved (e.g. through selectives or student exchanges) at Mayo Clinic's London operation in partnership with the University of Oxford and the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
Paracelsus Medical University (PMU)
Paracelsus Medical University was developed based on the model and in close cooperation with MCSOM. PMU offers MCSOM students full scholarships to pursue medical research and clinical fellowships for up to one year at its campuses in Salzburg and Nuremberg, Austria.
Notes
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